skip to content

Engineering Atoms

at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2015
 

 

What is going on?

Cornflakes are magnetic because they contain a significant amount of iron, a magnetic material.  Standard cornflakes contain around 8 milligrams of iron per 100 grams (so 0.008% of the weight of a cornflake is iron).  This is enough to cause a floating cornflake to move when it is near a magnet.  


A Magnet vs a Magnetic Material...

We know that materials like iron (and materials that contain iron, like steel) are magnetic.  However, they don't always act like permanent magnets - we can't use a random piece of steel to pick up other bits of steel.  So, what makes a magnetic material act like a permanent magnet?

In any magnetic material, the atoms act like small magnets (so the atoms of iron in the cornflake do): 

Magnets1

In permanent magnets, all these small magnets line up. This makes the material act like one big magnet:

Magnet2

In magnetic materials that don't act like magnets, like steel, all these small magnets are misaligned, so there is no overall magnetic field:

Magnet3

However, when a permanent magnet is placed next to the material, all the small magnets in the magnetic material are aligned, acting like a big magnet too - the alignment means the materials now attract each other.  

Magnet4

Usually, if the permanent magnet is removed, then the material will go back to being misaligned again.  However, we can permanently magnetise a material by holding it in a strong magnet field.  This is what happens to knives and forks if we store them on a magnetic rack in the kitchen, or if we hold a paperclip next to a permanent magnet for a long time.  

Useful links!

Follow ENGINEERING ATOMS on:
Twitter  @Eng_Atoms
Facebook 

 

Email us at:

Find our on videos on our
Youtube Channel

Science on the radio on
The Naked Scientists website

Learn more about materials science at:
http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk

Follow us on Twitter